### Four key components 1. Anode 2. Cathode 3. Electrolyte 4. Separator ![[Pasted image 20211030173340.png]] ![[Pasted image 20211030173541.png]] #### The Basics and the Tradeoff. To simplify the breakdown of Li-ion compromises, it is useful to consider the two main flavors of Li-ion batteries. Most of the compromises in Li-ion can be boiled down to one major tradeoff which results in these two types of optimized cells. ##### Energy Cells **Favors cost and energy density** (like Panasonic’s cells) which we can call the Energy Cell. ##### Power Cells **Favors cycle life and charge speed** (like CATL’s lithium iron phosphate cells) ![[Pasted image 20211030173955.png]] --- Battery capacity is entering the market rapidly #### Short duration batteries - lucrative ancillary service opportunities where short, quick dispatch is needed to provide frequency regulation in the markets - low energy arbitrage potential (where arbitrage here is the discharge in the high priced vs low priced energy hours) Observe the allocation of dispatch between: - dispatch for ancillary services by regulation signals (current = 90%) - dispatch for energy arbitrage by energy prices (current = 10%) > Simulating the chemical composition of EV batteries find new ways of improving performance (Volkswagen and Daimler) #### why are batteries good at ancillary services - Near infinite ramp rates --> get started quickly - No min loads / forbidden operating ranges - No costs for starting up or idling #### why is energy provision a higher cost for batteries - Duration limited - Cycling causes rapid degradation - Net consumer of energy (losses) [Quantum Tech MOC](app://obsidian.md/Quantum%20Tech%20MOC) [Battery Storage Optimisation](app://obsidian.md/Battery%20Storage%20Optimisation) [Battery Economics](app://obsidian.md/Battery%20Economics)