## The Core Problem **AI data centers now hit two hard limits:** 1. **Silicon supply** — next-gen chips (NVIDIA Blackwell and beyond) are scarce and expensive. 2. **Power availability** — cheap, low-carbon, high-capacity power is harder to find. Even though GPUs get more efficient (more FLOPs per watt), **each rack keeps consuming more total power and creating more heat**. Cooling, water, and where you can physically locate data centers are the new chokepoints.