**GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide 1)** is a hormone that plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism and appetite regulation. It is part of the incretin family of hormones, which are released by the gut in response to food intake. GLP-1 primarily acts in the following ways: ### **Functions of GLP-1:** 1. **Regulates Blood Sugar:** - Stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas in response to high blood sugar. - Suppresses the release of glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels. 2. **Delays Gastric Emptying:** - Slows the emptying of food from the stomach, helping to control the rate at which sugar enters the bloodstream. 3. **Suppresses Appetite:** - Acts on the brain to promote feelings of fullness (satiety), reducing food intake and aiding in weight management. 4. **Promotes Heart and Metabolic Health:** - May have protective effects on the cardiovascular system and improve lipid metabolism. ### **GLP-1 in Medical Applications:** GLP-1 is a target for medications, especially in treating: - **Type 2 Diabetes:** Helps regulate blood sugar levels. - **Obesity:** Supports weight loss by reducing appetite and caloric intake. ### **GLP-1 Receptor Agonists:** These are synthetic drugs that mimic the effects of GLP-1 and have become blockbuster treatments for diabetes and obesity. Examples include: - **Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy):** Effective in both diabetes management and weight loss. - **Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda):** Also widely used for similar indications. These drugs are increasingly being explored for other health conditions, such as sleep apnea, heart failure, and fatty liver disease, making them a significant focus of pharmaceutical innovation.