For private keys of post-quantum cryptosystems there are still no HSMs that natively support their storage and use. So we need to extend them for the use of post-quantum cryptosystems. This can realized by developing special cryptographic modules that are loaded into the HSM. **Hardware hardening** from a Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) perspective refers to enhancing the physical security and resilience of hardware systems, such as cryptographic devices, against threats posed by quantum computers. **Why:** As quantum computing evolves, traditional cryptographic systems (like RSA and ECC) will become vulnerable, as quantum algorithms could break these forms of encryption. PQC algorithms are designed to be resistant to quantum attacks, but they **must be implemented securely in hardware** to protect against both quantum and classical attacks.