> What can we learn from Surviving on Mars that will help us survive on earth? It's not just a scientific and technological challenge, it's a design project factoring human experience and human survival. ### Challenge 1: Getting there - Distance to Mars: 53 million km - taking seven months or more from Earth. - For the voyage, how do you keep the crew safe and sane? - daily rituals in zero gravity ### Challenge 2: Surviving on Mars - How do we live there given the inhospitable conditions. ### General Mars Information - Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun - Physical features: iron-rich minerals which oxidize, or rust, causing the soil to look red ### About the Martian Surface [[Space Constraints]] - [[Radiation]] - Exposure to Solar Particle Events and Galactic Cosmic Rays - Half protection by the mass and the atmosphere - Temperature - Mean: -63 °C Max: 20 °C Min: -153 °C - Pressure - 0.004 to 009 atm - Atmospheric composition  - Major: CO2 - 95.32%; N2 - 2.7%; Ar - 1.6%; O2 - 0.13%; CO - 0.08% Minor (ppm): H2O - 210; NO - 100; Ne - 2.5; HDO - 0.85; Kr - 0.3; Xe - 0.08 - Gravity - 3,69 m/s2 // - Possible threats- micrometeoroids - Cycles - day: 24 h 37 m a revolution around Sun: 687 earth days - Reach / distance -54,6 to 401 million km - Resources - water, regolith, atmospheric gases very limited or no resupply - Autonomy - 13 minutes, 48 seconds https://photos.app.goo.gl/f8hdoQa4rzzTtVHi8