Pulverized coal (PC) is coal that has been ground to a fine powder to enhance its surface area, which facilitates quicker and more efficient combustion. This form of coal is typically used in industrial processes, especially in blast furnaces where iron is manufactured. **Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) Rate** refers to the amount of pulverized coal that is injected into a blast furnace as a supplemental fuel used to heat the furnace, in place of more expensive coke. The PCI rate is significant because it directly affects the cost efficiency and production rate of ironmaking processes. Using pulverized coal helps reduce the need for coke, which is generally more expensive and involves a more resource-intensive production process. This substitution can significantly lower the overall cost of iron production. The PCI rate is measured in kilograms of coal injected per ton of hot metal produced (kg/thm). The injection rate can vary depending on the design and operating conditions of the blast furnace as well as the quality of the coal and coke used. Increasing the PCI rate can help reduce the furnace's overall reducing agent rate (RAR) — the total amount of carbon required to reduce the iron ore into iron. This reduction in carbon consumption can also contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions, thus making the process more environmentally friendly. However, the maximum PCI rate is often limited by factors such as flame stability, slag formation, and the heat and mass balances of the furnace. Controlling the injection of pulverized coal into the blast furnace. Correcting this rate by accounting for the descent of the coke rate and adjusting it based on the iron production metrics. ![[Pasted image 20240414225631.png]] ![[Pasted image 20240414225804.png]] ---