Steel making is a complex interplay of chemical engineering, process control, and metallurgical science. Different methods are used to make iron and steel, with two main processes: ironmaking and steelmaking. Ironmaking techniques today include blast furnaces (BFs) and direct reduced iron (DRI). There are also newer methods like electrolyser and electrowinning, but these aren't widely used yet. Steelmaking usually follows ironmaking, using [[Basic Oxygen Furnaces BF-BOF]] or [[Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF)]]. Another innovative method, smelting reduction, is still being developed. Each main method has variations. For example, BF-BOFs can be average or use the best available technology (BAT), or use additional processes like pulverised coal injection (PCI). DRI technology can be combined with a BOF using a melter (Melt). Additionally, fossil fuel-based methods can include carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), which can use bioenergy as inputs (BECCUS). ![[Pasted image 20240504184455.png]] 1. [[Steel Making - Mining ]] 2. [[Steel Making - Raw Materials]] 3. [[Making Iron & Steel]] 4. [[Casting & Rolling]] 5. [[Finishing]] ![[Pasted image 20231125230315.png]] ![[Pasted image 20240415133522.png]] ----