[[Telco x Here to Stay]] # Top Trends 1. 5G transition: higher capacity, higher bandwidth, lower latency 2. Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) 3. Edge Computing: Enterprise edge computing grows. The enterprise market for edge computing will grow 22% in 2023, 4. Network as a service 5. Secure Private networks  6. Sustainability # Value Chain 1. Infrastructure / Equipment Providers 2. Network Operators 3. Service/Application Providers 4. Resellers # Network Architecture > More a Network Expands --> More Complex System --> More OPEX b/c needed supervision --> human errors --> degrade the services; multiple protocols and functions also lead to conflicts that degrade performance Network infrastructure has **environment impacts**: - Hardware elements (sustainability x circularity) - Energy Consumption ![[Pasted image 20230215124405.png]] # Challenges 1. Demand for Connectivity >>> Supply 2. Capital intensive infrastructure 3. Commoditisation and price wars - revenue from connectivity continues to decline, even as expectations are growing for higher bandwidth, faster speeds, lower latency – and all at a reduced price. 4. Increased competition: other telcos, Alternative players LEO satellites, net neutrality 1. [Competition from hyperscalers](https://www.enea.com/insights/telcos-vs-hyperscalers-in-the-race-for-5g-edge-computing/) 5. Inability to capture value even though control network 6. High energy needs: According to GSMA Intelligence, energy consumption accounted for **15-40%** of telcos operating expenditure in 2021. 7. Diversification has been mixed or unsuccessful ## Self Organising Networks [[Self Organising Networks]] are a solution to: - Reduce OPEX and CAPEX - Minimise human intervention - Enable network autonomy & adapt to network changes - [[Self Organising Networks]] - Phase Based Classification, corresponding to the 3 phases of the life of a base station - Deployment: [[Self-Configuration Networks]] - Optimization: [[Self-Optimization Networks]] - Maintenance: [[Self-Healing Networks]] - [[Base Stations]] --- #telco ref: - https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/handle/2117/128779/Self-Organizing_Networks_MariaGonzalez.pdf?sequence=1