Different qubit types have different strengths and weaknesses. Some have fast response times but operate at near 0K temperatures. Others have unmatched stability and high gate fidelities but long gate operation times. Some qubits have limited connectivity.  However, **every qubit type has seen improved error rates and qubit numbers over the last two decades**, as Figures 2, 3 and 4 show.  Ions and superconducting qubits have already crossed the QEC threshold, while neutral atoms and silicon qubits are fast approaching it. These improved error rates and qubit numbers are predominately driven by improvements in fabrication methods for quantum hardware, precision of qubit control and scalability of quantum enabling technologies such as electronic components, readout cabling and cryogenics.  Across every qubit modality, quantum hardware companies have made massive strides in improving the quality and quantity of their qubits over the last two decades. ![[Pasted image 20241226204051.png]] ![[Pasted image 20241226204459.png]] As quantum computers continue to scale over the next few years, there are two potential scenarios for qubit modalities:  1. It is unlikely that one qubit type will dominate the market. Several qubit types may co-exist with specific qubits used for specific applications.  2. If one qubit type races ahead then funding initiatives may align behind one qubit type – and the final ‘victor’ may surprise us.  In short, quantum hardware companies have everything to play for.