The VPP must simultaneously serve three stakeholders: ![[Screenshot 2025-10-10 at 11.58.38.png]] Each stakeholder needs distinct value or the model breaks: - **Utility**: Cheaper than building peaker plants, faster deployment, flexibility - **Customer**: Battery becomes affordable, ongoing payments, backup power retained - **Operator**: Margin on capacity arbitrage + software platform leverage ![[Screenshot 2025-10-10 at 12.23.55.png]]