The VPP must simultaneously serve three stakeholders:
![[Screenshot 2025-10-10 at 11.58.38.png]]
Each stakeholder needs distinct value or the model breaks:
- **Utility**: Cheaper than building peaker plants, faster deployment, flexibility
- **Customer**: Battery becomes affordable, ongoing payments, backup power retained
- **Operator**: Margin on capacity arbitrage + software platform leverage
![[Screenshot 2025-10-10 at 12.23.55.png]]